Sexual Dimorphism of Neuroimmune Cells and Its Impact on the Central Nervous System: a Special Issue.

Neuroimmune-related sex differences contribute to the complexity of neurologic disorders, such as drug abuse, depression, and chronic pain. The collection of articles presented in this issue add to our understanding of sex as a critical biologic variable in the study of psychiatric and neurologic diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Consideration of sex in the design and interpretation of study results is critical. Sex differences may warrant different treatment approaches for diseases in which sex or gender influences disease outcomes. The studies and reviews presented here examine the contribution of sexual dimorphism in the physiologic responses and pharmacological treatments of neurological and psychiatric disorders.