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Characterization of spike S1/S2 processing and entry pathways of lentiviral pseudoviruses bearing seasonal human coronaviruses NL63, 229E, and HKU1 spikes.
Microbiol Spectr
January 2025
Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Although much has been learned about the entry mechanism of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), many details of the entry mechanisms of seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs) remain less well understood. In the present study, we used 293T cell lines stably expressing angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2), aminopeptidase N (APN), or transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), which support high-level transduction of lentiviral pseudoviruses bearing spike proteins of seasonal HCoVs, HCoV-NL63, -229E, or -HKU1, respectively, to compare spike processing and virus entry pathways among these viruses. Our results showed that the entry of HCoV-NL63, -229E, and -HKU1 pseudoviruses into cells is sensitive to endosomal acidification inhibitors (chloroquine and NHCl), indicating entry via the endocytosis route.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSPR Biosensor Based on Bilayer MoS for SARS-CoV-2 Sensing.
Biosensors (Basel)
January 2025
INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy.
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for rapid, sensitive, and reliable diagnostic tools for detecting SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we developed and optimized a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor incorporating advanced materials to enhance its sensitivity and specificity. Key parameters, including the thickness of the silver layer, silicon nitride dielectric layer, molybdenum disulfide (MoS) layers, and ssDNA recognition layer, were systematically optimized to achieve the best balance between sensitivity, resolution, and attenuation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEthnic and racial differences in children and young people with respiratory and neurological post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: an electronic health record-based cohort study from the RECOVER Initiative.
EClinicalMedicine
February 2025
Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Background: Children from racial and ethnic minority groups are at greater risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but it is unclear whether they have increased risk for post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). Our objectives were to assess whether the risk of respiratory and neurologic PASC differs by race/ethnicity and social drivers of health.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of individuals <21 years seeking care at 24 health systems across the U.
Exploring the Molecular Interplay Between Oxygen Transport, Cellular Oxygen Sensing, and Mitochondrial Respiration.
Antioxid Redox Signal
January 2025
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
The mitochondria play a key role in maintaining oxygen homeostasis under normal oxygen tension (normoxia) and during oxygen deprivation (hypoxia). This is a critical balancing act between the oxygen content of the blood, the tissue oxygen sensing mechanisms, and the mitochondria, which ultimately consume most oxygen for energy production. We describe the well-defined role of the mitochondria in oxygen metabolism with a special focus on the impact on blood physiology and pathophysiology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDemographic disparities in access to COVID-19 clinical trial sites across the United States: a geospatial analysis.
Int J Equity Health
January 2025
Global Health Policy and Data Institute, San Diego, CA, USA.
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, underserved populations, such as racial and ethnic minority communities, were disproportionately impacted by illness and death. Ensuring people from diverse backgrounds have the ability to participate in clinical trials is key to advancing health equity. We sought to analyze the spatial variability in locations of COVID-19 trials sites and to test associations with demographic correlates.
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