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Unveiling diversity of stem cells in dental pulp and apical papilla using mouse genetic models: a literature review. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - The dental pulp is a specialized tissue inside teeth that houses various types of mesenchymal stem cells, such as dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs).
  • - Research using mouse genetic models is revealing how these stem cells, derived from neural crest cells, contribute to the maintenance and repair of dental tissues, identifying at least two niches where these stem cells reside: the perivascular and perineural niches.
  • - Understanding the specific characteristics and locations of these stem cells is crucial for developing advanced regenerative therapies aimed at repairing damaged teeth in the future.

Article Abstract

The dental pulp, a non-mineralized connective tissue uniquely encased within the cavity of the tooth, provides a niche for diverse arrays of dental mesenchymal stem cells. Stem cells in the dental pulp, including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) and stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs), have been isolated from human tissues with an emphasis on their potential application to regenerative therapies. Recent studies utilizing mouse genetic models shed light on the identities of these mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from neural crest cells (NCCs) in their native conditions, particularly regarding how they contribute to homeostasis and repair of the dental tissue. The current concept is that at least two distinct niches for stem cells exist in the dental pulp, e.g., the perivascular niche and the perineural niche. The precise identities of these stem cells and their niches are now beginning to be unraveled thanks to sophisticated mouse genetic models, which lead to better understanding of the fundamental properties of stem cells in the dental pulp and the apical papilla in humans. The new knowledge will be highly instrumental for developing more effective stem cell-based regenerative therapies to repair teeth in the future.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7887138PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-020-03271-0DOI Listing

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