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Genome-wide microRNA profiling of plasma from three different animal models identifies biomarkers of temporal lobe epilepsy. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Epilepsy diagnosis requires a comprehensive approach involving specialists, patient history, MRI, and EEG, highlighting the need for non-invasive, molecular biomarkers for diagnosis or prediction of epilepsy, especially when seizures aren't witnessed.* -
  • Recent research has shown that microRNAs, which are short RNA molecules regulating gene expression, could serve as potential biomarkers due to their presence in body fluids, stability, and role in epilepsy.* -
  • This study identified specific dysregulated microRNAs in both animal models and human patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, suggesting these could lead to quicker, cost-effective diagnostic tests for the condition.*

Article Abstract

Epilepsy diagnosis is complex, requires a team of specialists and relies on in-depth patient and family history, MRI-imaging and EEG monitoring. There is therefore an unmet clinical need for a non-invasive, molecular-based, biomarker to either predict the development of epilepsy or diagnose a patient with epilepsy who may not have had a witnessed seizure. Recent studies have demonstrated a role for microRNAs in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNA molecules which negatively regulate gene expression, exerting profound influence on target pathways and cellular processes. The presence of microRNAs in biofluids, ease of detection, resistance to degradation and functional role in epilepsy render them excellent candidate biomarkers. Here we performed the first multi-model, genome-wide profiling of plasma microRNAs during epileptogenesis and in chronic temporal lobe epilepsy animals. From video-EEG monitored rats and mice we serially sampled blood samples and identified a set of dysregulated microRNAs comprising increased miR-93-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-182-5p, miR-199a-3p and decreased miR-574-3p during one or both phases. Validation studies found miR-93-5p, miR-199a-3p and miR-574-3p were also dysregulated in plasma from patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. Treatment of mice with common anti-epileptic drugs did not alter the expression levels of any of the five miRNAs identified, however administration of an anti-epileptogenic microRNA treatment prevented dysregulation of several of these miRNAs. The miRNAs were detected within the Argonuate2-RISC complex from both neurons and microglia indicating these miRNA biomarker candidates can likely be traced back to specific brain cell types. The current studies identify additional circulating microRNA biomarkers of experimental and human epilepsy which may support diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy via a quick, cost-effective rapid molecular-based test.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105048DOI Listing

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