In recent years fiber-optic-based long-haul installations for time and frequency (T&F) distribution have become operational at various sites. The common practice to cope with large attenuation of long fiber path is to use bidirectional optical amplifiers. This, however, becomes insufficient in case of very long links and/or long spans between amplifiers, because of unavoidable deterioration of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this article, we present a solution where the optical signal amplification is combined with optical-electrical-optical (OEO) regeneration, performed in a few points along the link. We analyze the impact of replacing some optical amplifiers with OEOs and demonstrate the resulting improvement in terms of SNR of the received optical signal and the phase noise at the output of the T&F distribution system. Laboratory experiments performed with both spooled and metropolitan-area fibers (total length up to 900 km) confirmed the theoretical predictions and showed that placing the OEO regenerators in appropriate points along the link allows reaching the required SNR.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2020.3016610 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Cost-effectiveness of leveraging existing HIV primary health systems and community health workers for hypertension screening and treatment in Africa: An individual-based modeling study.
PLoS Med
January 2025
Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality is increasing in Africa, largely due to undiagnosed and untreated hypertension. Approaches that leverage existing primary health systems could improve hypertension treatment and reduce CVD, but cost-effectiveness is unknown. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of population-level hypertension screening and implementation of chronic care clinics across eastern, southern, central, and western Africa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNatural exposure to Chikungunya virus in golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas, Kuhl, 1820) from non-protected areas in southern Bahia, Brazil: Implications and significance.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis
January 2025
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is primarily associated with non-human-primates (NHPs) in Africa, which also infect humans. Since its introduction to Brazil in 2014, CHIKV has predominantly thrived in urban cycles, involving Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Limited knowledge exists regarding CHIKV occurrence and implications in rural and sylvatic cycles where neotropical NHPs are potential hosts, from which we highlight Leontopithecus chrysomelas (Kuhl, 1820), the golden-headed lion tamarin (GHLT), an endangered species endemic to the Atlantic Forest (AF) in Southern Bahia State, Brazil.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFirst report of MDR virulent Pseudomonas aeruginosa in apparently healthy Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) in Bangladesh.
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a major pathogen associated conditions like septicaemia, respiratory disorders, and diarrhoea in poultry, particularly in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). The infection causes huge economical losses due to its high transmissibility, mortality and zoonotic potential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncidence and predictors of mortality among HIV positive children on anti-retroviral therapy in the selected health facilities of West Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia: Retrospective cohort study.
PLoS One
January 2025
Departments of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Ethiopia.
Introduction: The mortality rate among Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) who have started antiretroviral therapy (ART) continues to be increased in resource-limited countries, despite a decline in developed nations. Furthermore, research within this age group is limited and has not previously been conducted in the study area. Consequently, this study aimed to determine the incidence of mortality and its predictors among HIV-positive children who have been receiving ART at public health facilities in West Wollega.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA novel feature extraction method based on dynamic handwriting for Parkinson's disease detection.
PLoS One
January 2025
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common disease of the elderly. Given the easy accessibility of handwriting samples, many researchers have proposed handwriting-based detection methods for Parkinson's disease. Extracting more discriminative features from handwriting is an important step.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!