Inhal Toxicol
Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Published: July 2020
Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide and has been associated with periods of intense lung inflammation. The objective of this study was to characterize whether similar rat strains, possessing different genetic predispositions, might play a role in exacerbating the pathophysiology of COPD-like cellular and structural changes with progressive 12-week exposure to tobacco smoke (TS). Normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats were compared.
Materials And Methods: WKY and SH rats were exposed to filtered air or to tobacco smoke at a particulate concentration of 80 mg/m for 4, 8, or 12 weeks. Necropsy was performed 24 h after the last exposure to obtain cells by bronchoalveolar lavage for total cell and differential counts. Scoring of lung tissues and immunohistochemical staining for M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages were performed on paraffin-embedded lung sections.
Results And Discussion: With progressive exposure, TS-exposed SH rats demonstrated significant airspace enlargement, mucin production, and lung inflammation compared to their FA control and TS-matched WKY rats. Moreover, SH rats also demonstrated increased expression of the M1 marker in alveolar macrophages compared to FA control, as well as the M2 marker compared to controls and TS-exposed WKY rats.
Conclusion: The progressive tobacco smoke exposure contributes to persistent lung injury and inflammation that can be significantly enhanced by rat strain susceptibility in the genesis of COPD.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2020.1805052 | DOI Listing |
BMC Public Health
January 2025
University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia.
It is observed that the global burden of diseases had shifted from infectious diseases to Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), with an accumulative trend in developing countries. NCDs share key modifiable behavioral risk factors like unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity that are typically established during adolescence or young adulthood and will set the stage for NCDs development later in life. Therefore, this paper aimed to explore factors contributing to the co-occurrence of risk factors for NCDs among persons aged 30 years and above in selected urban areas of Namibia.
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January 2025
Cancer Registry of Norway, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Pb 5313 Majorstuen, Oslo 0304, Norway. Electronic address:
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol
January 2025
Department of General Surgery, King Abdullah University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Objective: The hypothesis tested was the negative impact of electronic smoke exposure on the developing of respiratory infection, specifically in the upper tract. In this study, we aimed to investigate if smoke exposure increased the number of tonsillectomy surgery in children compared to the hernia repair control group.
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J Stud Alcohol Drugs
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Educ Health Promot
November 2024
Department of Public Health Dentistry, ITS Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Murad Nagar, Ghaziabad - 201 206, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Tobacco use remains a global public health challenge, with numerous associated health risks. Behavioral modification strategies have played a pivotal role in helping individuals achieve and maintain tobacco cessation. This scoping review aims to compare different behavioral modifications for tobacco cessation counseling.
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