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Proton scanning and X-ray beam irradiation induce distinct regulation of inflammatory cytokines in a preclinical mouse model. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - The study investigates how proton beam therapy and conventional X-ray radiation differently affect the levels of inflammation-related cytokines in mice, suggesting that these treatments induce distinct inflammatory responses.
  • - Female CDF1 mice were subjected to either proton or X-ray irradiation, with blood samples taken at various time points post-irradiation to measure cytokine levels (like IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα) as indicators of inflammation.
  • - Results showed lower cytokine levels in mice treated with proton therapy compared to those treated with X-rays, indicating that the inflammatory response varies significantly over time and could impact healing and immunotherapy outcomes.

Article Abstract

Purpose: Conventional X-ray radiotherapy induces a pro-inflammatory response mediated by altered expression of inflammation-regulating cytokines. Proton scanning and X-ray irradiation produce distinct changes to cytokine gene expression in vitro suggesting that proton beam therapy may induce an inflammatory response dissimilar to that of X-ray radiation. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether proton scanning beam radiation and conventional X-ray photon radiation would induce differential regulation of circulating cytokines in vivo.

Materials And Methods: Female CDF1 mice were irradiated locally at the right hind leg using proton pencil beam scanning or X-ray photons. Blood samples were obtained from two separate mice groups. Samples from one group were drawn by retro-orbital puncture 16 months post irradiation, while samples from the other group were drawn 5 and 30 days post irradiation. Concentration of the cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ, and TNFα was measured in plasma using bead-based immunoassays.

Results: The cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNFα were expressed at lower levels in plasma samples from proton-irradiated mice compared with X-ray-irradiated mice 16 months post irradiation. The same cytokines were downregulated in proton-irradiated mice 5 days post irradiation when compared to controls, while at day 30 expression had increased to the same level or higher. X-ray radiation did not markedly change expression levels at days 5 and 30.

Conclusions: The inflammatory response to proton and X-ray irradiation seem to be distinct as the principal pro-inflammatory cytokines are differentially regulated short- and long-term following irradiation. Both the development of normal tissue damage and efficacy of immunotherapy could be influenced by an altered inflammatory response to irradiation.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2020.1807644DOI Listing

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