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Background/aims: Certain sociodemographic groups are routinely underrepresented in clinical trials, limiting generalisability. Here, we describe the extent to which enriched enrolment approaches yielded a diverse trial population enriched for older age in a randomised controlled trial of a blood-based multi-cancer early detection test (NCT05611632).
Methods: Participants aged 50-77 years were recruited from eight Cancer Alliance regions in England.
Ignoring Gender-Based Immunometabolic Reprograming, a Risky Business in Immune-Based Precision Medicine.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)
January 2025
Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA.
Immunology advances have increased our understanding of autoimmune, auto-inflammatory, immunodeficiency, infectious, and other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). Furthermore, evidence is growing for the immune involvement in aging, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, and different cancers. However, further research has indicated sex/gender-based immune differences, which further increase higher incidences of various autoimmune diseases (AIDs), such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), myasthenia gravis, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in females.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparison of Interportal and Periportal Capsulotomies and Axial Distraction Resistance During Hip Arthroscopy: An In Vivo Propensity-Matched Cohort Study.
Am J Sports Med
January 2025
Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Background: Intraoperative hip capsule management is increasingly recognized as an important component of hip arthroscopy for the prevention of capsular-related instability. The periportal capsulotomy, relative to the interportal capsulotomy, has been proposed as a minimally invasive technique for decreasing postarthroscopy hip instability; however, the biomechanical effects of this technique are not well established.
Purpose/hypothesis: This study aimed to provide a biomechanical characterization of interportal and periportal capsulotomies, helping inform surgeon choice of capsulotomy type and repair, potentially guiding clinical practice in hip arthroscopy.
Toward effective oxytocin interventions in autism: Overcoming challenges and harnessing opportunities.
J Psychopharmacol
January 2025
Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Intranasal administration of oxytocin is emerging as a potential pharmacological option for mitigating social difficulties and regulating stress in autism spectrum disorder. However, initial single-dose and multiple-dose trials showed mixed results, with some demonstrating improvements in social and repetitive behavior and others showing no benefit over placebo. This perspective aims to elucidate factors contributing to this variability and to highlight pitfalls and opportunities in the field.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExploring Gender Differences in the Effects of Diet and Physical Activity on Metabolic Parameters.
Nutrients
January 2025
Department for the Promotion of Human Science and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy.
Background: Gender differences in metabolic response to lifestyle interventions remain poorly explored. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a six-month Mediterranean diet (MD) intervention combined with regular physical activity on metabolic parameters in overweight adults.
Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in an obesity clinic in Rome, Italy, involving overweight adults (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m) motivated to improve their lifestyle.
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