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Evaluating the performance of personality-based profiling in predicting physical activity.
BMC Psychol
December 2024
Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan.
Background: Profiling or clustering individuals based on personality and other characteristics is a common statistical approach used in marketing, medicine, and social sciences. This approach improves data simplicity, supports the implementation of a data-driven decision-making process, and guides intervention strategies, such as personalized care. However, the clustering process involves loss of information owing to the discretization of continuous variables.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdvice to the FDA to Improve Its Proposed Guidelines to Rationalize Clinical Trials by Restricting Placebo Control, Preventing Low-Powered Studies, and Disallowing Studies Where Bioavailability Is Not Proven.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
October 2024
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for testing the safety and efficacy of new drugs and biologicals. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has proactively improved the trial designs to make them scientifically rational while avoiding unnecessary human exposure. Several new guidelines by the FDA have come in 2024 that address consolidating the RCTs with the Real-World Evidence (RWE) trials, decentralizing the testing platforms, and allowing the point-of-use clinicians to participate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwo scientific perspectives on nerve signal propagation: how incompatible approaches jointly promote progress in explanatory understanding.
Hist Philos Life Sci
November 2024
Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
We present a case study of two scientific perspectives on the phenomenon of nerve signal propagation, a bio-electric and a thermodynamic perspective, and compare this case with two accounts of scientific perspectivism: those of Michela Massimi and Juha Saatsi, respectively. We demonstrate that the interaction between the bio-electric perspective and the thermodynamic perspective can be captured in Saatsi's terms of progress in explanatory understanding. Using insights from our case study, we argue that both the epistemic and pragmatic dimensions of scientific understanding are important for increasing explanatory understanding of phenomena.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecommendations for monitoring adherence and fidelity in pragmatic trials based on experience in the Pain Management Collaboratory.
Pain Med
November 2024
Pain Management Collaboratory Coordinating Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, United States.
Objective: Most pragmatic trials follow the PRagmatic Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary (PRECIS-2) criteria. The criteria specify unobtrusive measurement of participants' protocol adherence and practitioners' intervention fidelity but suggest no special monitoring strategies to assure trial integrity. We present experience with adherence/fidelity monitoring in the Pain Management Collaboratory (PMC) and provide recommendations for their monitoring in pragmatic trials to preserve inferences of treatment comparisons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScreening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for pain management for veterans separating from military service: study protocol of a hybrid type 2 study testing implementation facilitation versus training-as-usual.
Pain Med
November 2024
VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, United States.
Background: Veterans transitioning to civilian life often have chronic pain from service-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) with higher risk for substance misuse. Many seek VA (Department of Veterans Affairs) compensation for MSD. Use of Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment for Pain Management (SBIRT-PM) by VA Post-9/11 Military2VA (M2VA) case managers presents an opportunity to engage these veterans in VA pain care and address substance misuse.
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