Progress in -Associated Parkinson's Disease Animal Models.

Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 () gene are the most frequent cause of familial Parkinson's disease (PD). Several genetic manipulations of the gene have been developed in animal models such as rodents, , , and zebrafish. These models can help us further understand the biological function and derive potential pathological mechanisms for LRRK2. Here we discuss common phenotypic themes found in -associated PD animal models, highlight several issues that should be addressed in future models, and discuss emerging areas to guide their future development.