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Flow chemistry-enabled asymmetric synthesis of cyproterone acetate in a chemo-biocatalytic approach.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Flow chemistry has many advantages over batch synthesis of organic small-molecules in terms of environmental compatibility, safety and synthetic efficiency when scale-up is considered. Herein, we report the 10-step chemo-biocatalytic continuous flow asymmetric synthesis of cyproterone acetate (4) in which 10 transformations are combined into a telescoped flow linear sequence from commercially available 4-androstene-3, 17-dione (11). This integrated one-flow synthesis features an engineered 3-ketosteroid-Δ-dehydrogenase (ReM2)-catalyzed Δ-dehydrogenation to form the C1, C2-double bond of A ring, a substrate-controlled Co-catalyzed Mukaiyama hydration of 9 to forge the crucial chiral C17α-OH group of D ring with excellent stereoselectivity, and a rapid flow Corey-Chaykovsky cyclopropanation of 7 to build the cyclopropyl core of A ring.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAptazyme-directed A-to-I RNA editing.
Methods Enzymol
January 2025
Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, P.R. China. Electronic address:
As a promising therapeutic approach, the RNA editing process can correct pathogenic mutations and is reversible and tunable, without permanently altering the genome. RNA editing mediated by human ADAR proteins offers unique advantages, including high specificity and low immunogenicity. Compared to CRISPR-based gene editing techniques, RNA editing events are temporary, which can reduce the risk of long-term unintended side effects, making off-target edits less concerning than DNA-targeting methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFinancial incentives for physical activity in adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis update.
Prev Med
January 2025
School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada; ParticipACTION, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Objective: To update the evidence on the effects of financial incentives (FI) on physical activity (PA) in adults.
Methods: A systematic search of nine databases (Medline, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, EconLit, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane) was conducted to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and pilot RCTs published between June 1, 2018 and March 31, 2024 examining FI-for-PA interventions. 'Vote counting' and random-effects meta-analyses assessed short- (<6 months) and long-term (≥6 months) FI effects, as well as impact during follow-up (incentive withdrawal).
White matter connections within the central sulcus subserving the somato-cognitive action network.
Brain
January 2025
Section of Neurosurgery, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.
The somato-cognitive action network (SCAN) consists of three nodes interspersed within Penfield's motor effector regions. The configuration of the somato-cognitive action network nodes resembles the one of the 'plis de passage' of the central sulcus: small gyri bridging the precentral and postcentral gyri. Thus, we hypothesize that these may provide a structural substrate of the somato-cognitive action network.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGermanium nanocrystal non-volatile memory devices: fabrication, charge storage mechanism and characterization.
Nanoscale
January 2025
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583.
The widespread proliferation and increasing use of portable electronic devices and wearables, and the recent developments in artificial intelligence and internet-of-things, have fuelled the need for high-density and low-voltage non-volatile memory devices. Nanocrystal memory, an emergent non-volatile memory (NVM) device that makes use of the Coulomb blockade effect, can potentially result in the scaling of the tunnel dielectric layer to a very small thickness. Since the nanocrystals are electrically isolated, potential charge leakage paths localized defects in the thin tunnel dielectric can be substantially reduced, unlike that in a continuous polysilicon floating gate structure.
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