Schmallenberg virus (SBV), discovered in Germany in 2011, causes congenital malformations in ruminants. Reverse-transcription real-time PCR (RT-rtPCR) assays based on various segments of SBV have been developed for molecular detection. We developed alternative RT-rtPCR assays for SBV detection to avoid earlier reported mutations and hypervariable regions of the S and M segments of the viral genome. For SYBR Green-based detection of the S segment, the value and efficiency of the developed assay were 0.99 and 99%, respectively. For probe-based S segment detection, 2 assays were developed; the first had an value of 0.99 and 102% efficiency, and the second had a value of 0.98 and 86% efficiency. The probe-based M segment assay had an value of 1.00 and 103% efficiency. Detection limits of the RT-rtPCR assays with new primer sets were 10 and 10 copies/µL for the S and M segments, respectively. Field samples from cattle and sheep were also used for primary validation of the developed assays. Our assays should be suitable for SBV detection in ruminants and for in vitro studies of various SBV strains.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638720947199 | DOI Listing |
Am J Trop Med Hyg
September 2024
Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California.
Flea-borne spotted fever and flea-borne (murine) typhus are rickettsioses caused by Rickettsia felis and Rickettsia typhi, respectively, and typically present as undifferentiated febrile illnesses. The relative contribution of these agents to flea-borne rickettsioses in California is unclear. We have developed a duplex reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-rtPCR) assay targeting R.
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September 2023
British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in American mink () is a global priority because outbreaks on mink farms have potential consequences for animal and public health. Surveillance programs often focus on screening natural mortalities; however, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding sampling and testing approaches. Using 76 mink from 3 naturally infected farms in British Columbia, Canada, we compared the performance of 2 reverse-transcription real-time PCR (RT-rtPCR) targets (the envelope [] and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase [] genes) as well as serology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Vet Diagn Invest
May 2024
Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Rapid growth in aquaculture has resulted in high-density production systems in ecologically and geographically novel conditions in which the emergence of diseases is inevitable. Well-characterized methods for detection and surveillance of infectious diseases are vital for rapid identification, response, and recovery to protect economic and food security. We implemented a proof-of-concept approach for virus detection using a known high-consequence fish pathogen, infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV), as the archetypal pathogen.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Vet Diagn Invest
July 2023
Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
We characterized the effect of 1) temperature × time, 2) freeze-thaw cycles, and 3) high porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) RNA concentrations on the detection of PRRSV and a porcine-specific internal sample control (ISC) in serum, oral fluid, and fecal samples using a commercial PRRSV RT-rtPCR assay (Idexx). In study 1, the effect of temperature × time on PRRSV and ISC detection was shown to be specimen dependent. In serum stored at 4, 10, or 20°C, PRRSV detection was consistent for up to 168 h, but storage at 30°C reduced detectable PRRSV RNA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Vet Sci
February 2023
Fieldepi, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States.
Introduction: The use of serum and family oral fluids for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) surveillance in weaning-age pigs has been previously characterized. Characterizing more sample types similarly offers veterinarians and producers additional validated sample options for PRRSV surveillance in this subpopulation of pigs. Oral swab sampling is relatively easy and convenient; however, there is sparse information on how it compares to the reference sample type for PRRSV surveillance under field conditions.
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