In addiction, there are few human studies on the neural basis of cue-induced changes in value-based decision making (Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer, PIT). It is especially unclear whether neural alterations related to PIT are due to the physiological effects of substance abuse or rather related to learning processes and/or other etiological factors related to addiction. We have thus investigated whether neural activation patterns during a PIT task help to distinguish subjects with gambling disorder (GD), a nonsubstance-based addiction, from healthy controls (HCs). Thirty GD and 30 HC subjects completed an affective decision-making task in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. Gambling-associated and other emotional cues were shown in the background during the task. Data collection and feature modeling focused on a network of nucleus accumbens (NAcc), amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (derived from PIT and substance use disorder [SUD] studies). We built and tested a linear classifier based on these multivariate neural PIT signatures. GD subjects showed stronger PIT than HC subjects. Classification based on neural PIT signatures yielded a significant area under the receiver operating curve (AUC-ROC) (0.70, p = 0.013). GD subjects showed stronger PIT-related functional connectivity between NAcc and amygdala elicited by gambling cues, as well as between amygdala and OFC elicited by negative and positive cues. HC and GD subjects were thus distinguishable by PIT-related neural signatures including amygdala-NAcc-OFC functional connectivity. Neural PIT alterations in addictive disorders might not depend on the physiological effect of a substance of abuse but on related learning processes or even innate neural traits.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/adb.12951 | DOI Listing |
Sensors (Basel)
November 2024
School of Automobile and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
It is difficult to detect and identify natural defects in welded components. To solve this problem, according to the Faraday magneto-optical (MO) effect, a nondestructive testing system for MO imaging, excited by an alternating magnetic field, is established. For the acquired MO images of crack, pit, lack of penetration, gas pore, and no defect, Gaussian filtering, bilateral filtering, and median filtering are applied for image preprocessing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
November 2024
College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
In foundation pit engineering, the deformation prediction of adjacent pipelines is crucial for construction safety. Existing approaches depend on constitutive models, grey correlation prediction, or traditional feedforward neural networks. Due to the complex hydrological and geological conditions, as well as the nonstationary and nonlinear characteristics of monitoring data, this problem remains a challenge.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndocrine
October 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
Background: The types of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas are diverse, we have found that there are significant differences in clinical features and prognosis between PIT-1 single-cell spectrum growth hormone adenomas and growth hormone phenotypic polyhormonal adenomas.
Methods: This study examined a cohort of 193 patients with growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma (GHPA), stratifying them into two groups: PIT-1 single transcription factor positive growth hormone adenoma (STF-GHPA) and Multiple transcription factor-positive growth hormone-secreting adenomas (MTF-GHPA). The objective was to compare these two groups' clinical characteristics.
Sci Rep
October 2024
School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
Adv Mater
November 2024
Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
Photon upconversion (UC) from red or near-infrared (NIR) light to blue light is promising for in vivo optogenetics. However, the examples of in vivo optogenetics have been limited to lanthanide inorganic UC nanoparticles, and there have been no examples of optogenetics without using heavy metals. Here the first example of in vivo optogenetics using biocompatible heavy metal-free TTA-UC nanoemulsions is shown.
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