Inducible degron systems are widely used to specifically and rapidly deplete proteins of interest in cell lines and organisms. An advantage of inducible degradation is that the biological system under study remains intact and functional until perturbation, a feature that necessitates that the endogenous levels of the protein are maintained. However, endogenous tagging of genes with auxin-inducible degrons (AID) can result in chronic, auxin-independent proteasome-mediated degradation. The ARF-AID (auxin-response factor-auxin-inducible degron) system is a re-engineered auxin-inducible protein degradation system. The additional expression of the ARF-PB1 domain prevents chronic, auxin-independent degradation of AID-tagged proteins while preserving rapid auxin-induced degradation of tagged proteins. Here, we describe the protocol for engineering human cell lines to implement the ARF-AID system for specific and inducible protein degradation. These methods are adaptable and can be extended from cell lines to organisms. © 2020 The Authors. Basic Protocol 1: Generation of ARF-P2A-TIR1 progenitor cells Basic Protocol 2: Designing, cloning, and testing of a gene-specific sgRNA Basic Protocol 3: Design and amplification of a homology-directed repair construct (C-terminal tagging) Alternate Protocol 1: Design and amplification of a homology-directed repair construct (N-terminal tagging) Basic Protocol 4: Tagging of a gene of interest with AID Alternate Protocol 2: Establishment of an ARF-AID clamp system Basic Protocol 5: Testing of auxin-mediated degradation of the AID-tagged protein.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpmb.124 | DOI Listing |
BMJ Open
March 2025
Department of Nursing Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
Introduction: Family caregivers play an indispensable role in the care of solid organ transplant patients, undertaking a wide range of tasks from basic daily care to complex medical management. However, these responsibilities come with substantial challenges, placing additional strain on caregivers who bear significant physical, emotional, financial and social burdens, along with numerous unmet support needs. Currently, the exploration of challenges and support needs among family caregivers in the caregiving process is limited to primary research, lacking a synthesised and comprehensive understanding of the issues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: supporting clinical decision-making, diagnosis, and treatment. The study aims to compare the performance of ChatGPT-4o (Omni) and Gemini-pro in answering clinical questions and case scenarios related to gynecological oncology and to assess the consistency of their long-term responses.
Methods: A two-phase comparative analysis was conducted.
Echocardiography
March 2025
Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Kyorin University, Mitaka City, Tokyo, Japan.
Purpose: Central hypovolemia is considered to lead to a compensatory increase in cardiac contractility. From a physiological perspective, left ventricular (LV) twisting motion, which plays an important role in maintaining cardiac output, should be enhanced during central hypovolemia, but previous studies have shown inconsistent findings. Using 3D echocardiography, we tested the hypothesis that the LV twisting and untwisting motion would be enhanced during severe central hypovolemia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndian J Gastroenterol
March 2025
Departments of Pediatrics, Giza, Egypt.
Background And Objectives: Kasai-portoenterostomy (KPE) is the initial attempt to restore the bile flow and salvage the native liver in biliary atresia (BA) patients. Cholangitis is a frequent complication after KPE and adequate treatment impacts the long-term outcome. The aim of our study is to assess the severity of cholangitis episodes in a cohort of BA patients post KPE, identify the causative agents, using several diagnostic methods, as well as to assess the tolerability and efficacy of our antimicrobial protocol.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Biochem Biophys
March 2025
Georgian National University, 9 Tsinandali Str., Tbilisi, Georgia.
Na,K-ATPase is an electrogenic pump found in cell plasma membranes that acts as the basic unit of animal life. This enzyme is highly susceptible to cardiotonic steroid (CTS) inhibition. The role of Na,K-ATPase in signaling has introduced a novel viewpoint regarding the enzyme's function, as the ouabain-binding site is involved in several physiological processes.
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