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Multiple New Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Vectors in Offshore North Sea Benthos, a Deep Secret Exposed. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • * Investigations revealed that paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) were present in various organisms, with a significant amount found in the sunstar and new vectors identified across several species, including sea chervil and different types of starfish and crustaceans.
  • * The study recorded varying levels of PSTs in marine life, stressing the potential risks not just to animals but also to human and environmental health, indicating a need for further research on these emerging toxins.

Article Abstract

In early 2018, a large easterly storm hit the East Anglian coast of the UK, colloquially known as the 'Beast from the East', which also resulted in mass strandings of benthic organisms. There were subsequent instances of dogs consuming such organisms, leading to illness and, in some cases, fatalities. Epidemiological investigations identified paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) as the cause, with toxins present in a range of species and concentrations exceeding 14,000 µg STX eq./kg in the sunstar . This study sought to better elucidate the geographic spread of any toxicity and identify any key organisms of concern. During the summers of 2018 and 2019, various species of benthic invertebrates were collected from demersal trawl surveys conducted across a variety of locations in the North Sea. An analysis of the benthic epifauna using two independent PST testing methods identified a 'hot spot' of toxic organisms in the Southern Bight, with a mean toxicity of 449 µg STX eq./kg. PSTs were quantified in sea chervil (), the first known detection in the phylum bryozoan, as well as eleven other new vectors (>50 µg STX eq./kg), namely the opisthobranch , the starfish , and , the brittlestar , the crustaceans and , the sea mouse , and the sea urchin . The two species that showed consistently high PST concentrations were and . Two toxic profiles were identified, with one dominated by dcSTX (decarbamoylsaxitoxin) associated with the majority of samples across the whole sampling region. The second profile occurred only in North-Eastern England and consisted of mostly STX (Saxitoxin) and GTX2 (gonyautoxin 2). Consequently, this study highlights widespread and variable levels of PSTs in the marine benthos, together with the first evidence for toxicity in a large number of new species. These findings highlight impacts to 'One Health', with the unexpected sources of toxins potentially creating risks to animal, human and environmental health, with further work required to assess the severity and geographical/temporal extent of these impacts.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7460140PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18080400DOI Listing

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