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Amphibian-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides: Essential Components of Innate Immunity and Potential Leads for New Antibiotic Development.
Protein Pept Lett
January 2025
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
Like other vertebrates, amphibians possess innate and adaptive immune systems. At the center of the adaptive immune system is the Major Histocompatibility Complex. The important molecules of innate immunity are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLow-avidity T cells drive endogenous tumor immunity in mice and humans.
Nat Immunol
January 2025
Department of Immunology and Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
T cells recognize neoepitope peptide-major histocompatibility complex class I on cancer cells. The strength (or avidity) of the T cell receptor-peptide-major histocompatibility complex class I interaction is a critical variable in immune control of cancers. Here, we analyze neoepitope-specific CD8 cells of distinct avidities and show that low-avidity T cells are the sole mediators of cancer control in mice and are solely responsive to checkpoint blockade in mice and humans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRegulation of antigen presentation and interleukin 10 production in murine dendritic cells via the oxidative stimulation of cell membrane using a polycation-porphyrin-conjugate-immobilized cell culture dish.
Acta Biomater
January 2025
Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan. Electronic address:
Tolerogenic dendritic cells with professional antigen presentation via major histocompatibility complex molecules, co-stimulatory molecules (CD80/86), and interleukin 10 production have attracted significant attention as cellular therapies for autoimmune, allergic, and graft-versus-host diseases. In this study, we developed a cell culture dish equipped with polycation-porphyrin-conjugate-immobilized glass (PA-HP-G) to stimulate immature murine dendritic cell (iDCs). Upon irradiation with a red light at 635 nm toward the PA-HP-G surface, singlet oxygen was generated by the immobilized porphyrins on the PA-HP-G surface.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCryoEM structure of an MHC-I/TAPBPR peptide-bound intermediate reveals the mechanism of antigen proofreading.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
Class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) proteins play a pivotal role in adaptive immunity by displaying epitopic peptides to CD8+ T cells. The chaperones tapasin and TAPBPR promote the selection of immunogenic antigens from a large pool of intracellular peptides. Interactions of chaperoned MHC-I molecules with incoming peptides are transient in nature, and as a result, the precise antigen proofreading mechanism remains elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAMPed up immunity: 418 whole genomes reveal intraspecific diversity of koala antimicrobial peptides.
Immunogenetics
January 2025
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Characterising functional diversity is a vital element to understanding a species' immune function, yet many immunogenetic studies in non-model organisms tend to focus on only one or two gene families such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or toll-like receptors (TLR). Another interesting component of the eukaryotic innate immune system is the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The two major groups of mammalian AMPs are cathelicidins and defensins, with the former having undergone species-specific expansions in marsupials.
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