Purpose: The current study examines rural-urban differences in trends in rates and type of concussion-related health care utilization over time from 2008 to 2016 among Medicaid insured children in Ohio.
Methods: We analyzed Medicaid claims for health care utilization for diagnosed concussions among children aged ≤18 years between April 1, 2008, and December 31, 2016. We compared the trends in rates of concussion-related health care utilization between children who lived in rural and urban areas using Poisson regressions. We examined trends in the type of concussion-related health care utilization by location of residence using linear regressions.
Findings: We found a significant increase in health care utilization for concussion over time, with rates of treated concussion consistently higher in rural children compared to urban children (P < .0001) throughout the study period. Although initial care at the Emergency Department (ED) remained the most common type of initial concussion-related health care utilization for rural children throughout the study period, the most common type of initial care sought by urban children shifted over time from the ED to primary care providers (PCPs). For both rural and urban children, PCPs remained the most common type of follow-up care sought throughout the study period, with no significant rural-urban differences in the trends of follow-up care sought through PCPs over time.
Conclusions: We observed significant rural-urban differences in the trends in rates and types of concussion-related health care utilization over time from 2008 to 2016. Future studies are needed to further our understanding of the effect of these observed rural-urban differences on concussion recovery.
Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network, 700 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1Z5, Canada.
Purpose: In early-stage breast cancer, steatotic liver disease (SLD) is associated with increased recurrence, cardiovascular events, and non-cancer death. Endocrine therapy (ET) increases the risk of SLD. The impact of cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) on SLD and prognostic association in metastatic breast cancer is unknown.
Department of Psychiatry, Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 1 Bowdoin Square, Suite 106, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
Chronic orofacial pain (COFP; i.e., musculoskeletal, neurovascular, or neuropathic pain in the face, mouth, or jaw that lasts for at least 3 months) is prevalent and debilitating.
School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China.
With the global prevalence of the hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) epidemic, the development of reliable point-of-care testing (POCT) is crucial for the timely identification and prevention of outbreaks. Isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques (INAATs) have attracted much attention because of their high efficiency for rapid diagnosis. In this work, we systematically summarize the current status of INAATs for HFMD and discuss advantages and drawbacks of various INAATs for HFMD.
The evolution of orthopaedics has witnessed a pronounced shift from generalist practice to subspecialisation, a trend that has fundamentally reshaped the field over the past century. Originally, orthopaedic surgeons were trained to address a broad spectrum of musculoskeletal conditions. However, increasing complexity and specialization in knowledge have driven a progressive narrowing of focus within orthopaedics.
