The epidemiology, surgical management, and impact of margins in skull and mandibular osseous-site tumors.

Objective: The aim of the study was to characterize the epidemiology and treatment outcomes of head and neck (HN) osseous-site tumors.

Methods: Descriptive analyses and multivariate Cox regressions were performed to analyze the effect of surgery on overall survival (OS) utilizing the National Cancer Database (2004-2016).

Results: Of 2449 tumors, surgery was utilized in 84.5% of cases. OS was worse in osteosarcoma (5-year OS: 53.4% [SE: 2.5%]) compared with cartilage tumors (5-year OS: 84.6% [SE: 1.8%]) (log-rank P < .001). Treatment regimens that included surgery were associated with improved OS on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR] 0.495 [95% CI: 0.366-0.670]). Positive margins were found in 40.8% of cases, and associated with decreased OS in osteosarcomas (HR 1.304 [0.697-2.438]).

Conclusion: Treatment that included surgery was associated with an increased OS within our cohort of HN osseous-site tumors, although the rates of positive margins were >40%. These findings may be limited by inherent selection bias in the database.