The Cause of Massive Hemoptysis After Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair May Not Always Be an Aortobronchial Fistula: Report of a Case.

Hemoptysis after thoracic endovascular/open aortic repair is relatively rare but a well-known complication, and normally diagnosed with aortobronchial fistula (ABF). Here, we present a patient who suffered from recurrent massive hemoptyses even after multiple thoracic endovascular aortic repairs (TEVARs), where hemoptysis was ultimately controlled by pneumonectomy. In this case, the bleeding source was not the aorta but the lung parenchyma itself, indicating the importance of raising awareness that the cause of massive hemoptysis after TEVAR may not always be an ABF.