Lysis of Adhesion for Arthrofibrosis After Total Knee Arthroplasty Is Associated With Increased Risk of Subsequent Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: The aim of this study is to determine incidence of lysis of adhesion (LOA) for postoperative arthrofibrosis following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), patient factors associated with LOA, and impact of LOA on revision TKA.

Methods: Patients who underwent primary TKA were identified in the Humana and Medicare databases. Patients who underwent LOA within 1 year after TKA were defined as the "LOA" cohort. Multiple binomial logistic regression analyses were performed to identify patient factors associated with undergoing LOA within 1 year after index TKA, and identify risk factors including LOA on risk for revision TKA within 2 years of index TKA.

Results: In total, 58,538 and 48,336 patients underwent primary TKA in the Medicare and Humana databases, respectively. Incidence of LOA within 1 year after TKA was 0.56% in both databases. Age <75 years was a significant predictor of LOA in both databases (P < .05 for both). Incidence of revision TKA was significantly higher for the "LOA" cohort when compared to the "TKA Only" cohort in both databases (P < .0001 for both). LOA was the strongest predictor of revision TKA within 2 years after index TKA in both databases (P < .0001 for both). Additionally, age <65 years, male gender, obesity, fibromyalgia, smoking, alcohol abuse, and history of anxiety or depression were independently associated with increased odds of revision TKA within 2 years after index TKA (P < .05 for all).

Conclusion: Incidence of LOA after primary TKA is low, with younger age being the strongest predictor for requiring LOA. Patients who undergo LOA for arthrofibrosis within 1 year after primary TKA have a substantially high risk for subsequent early revision TKA.

Level Of Evidence: III, Retrospective Cohort Study.