One of the most persisting assertions in Allan Wagner's view of conditioning is that the environment or context in which significant events occur can develop an association with these events, more or less in the same way as conditioned and unconditioned stimuli become associated with each other. He was drawn to this idea by evidence of contextual fear conditioning, contingency effects, some instances of context-specificity of long-term habituation, and latent inhibition. From a theoretical point of view, however, homologizing contexts to conditioned stimuli is not as simple as it seems, especially when quantitative theories are involved, as is the case of Wagner's work. It might be, for instance, that contexts cannot be represented merely as long-duration conditioned stimuli, in which case, no net contextual learning can occur due to the context being less correlated with reinforcement than with nonreinforcement. In this article, we use Wagner's sometimes-opponent-process model of conditioning to comment on the quantitative nature of this challenge. Also, based on an idea sketched by Mazur and Wagner, we describe a set of quantitative strategies that might be usefully considered to solve this dilemma within the general framework of Wagner's theory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xan0000251 | DOI Listing |
Behav Processes
January 2025
Department of Psychology, University of Alberta-, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E9; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta-, 2-132 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E1. Electronic address:
Black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) vocalisations remain plastic throughout their lifespans. Although fledglings employ vocal plasticity to refine their vocalisations through the use of tutor mimicry, adults employ vocal plasticity to create unique population dialects. Vocal convergence is one mechanism by which flockmates' vocalisations become increasingly similar to each other and distinct from the calls of other flocks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Protoc
January 2025
Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Understanding the dynamic pathophysiology of diseases in the lung, such as asthma and chronic asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer, is crucial for the treatment, analysis, and outcome of these diseases. Unlike other traditional models, we suggest a protocol that is sustainable and reproducible and offers different analysis methods while maintaining in vivo lung architecture and immune dynamics. This protocol allows one to study the pathophysiological changes, including changes to the immune cells, cytokines, and mediators, in 30 precision-cut lung slices from a single murine lung.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Biol
January 2025
Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Electronic address:
Adaptive behavior in a dynamic environmental context often requires rapid revaluation of stimuli that deviates from well-learned associations. The divergence between stable value-encoding and appropriate behavioral output remains a critical component of theories of dopamine's function in learning, motivation, and motor control. Yet, how dopamine neurons are involved in the revaluation of cues when the world changes, to alter our behavior, remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComb Chem High Throughput Screen
January 2025
Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of angelicin on the NSCLC tumor growth.
Background: Accumulating evidence shows that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in tumor progression and metastasis, making CAFs an increasingly attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Targeted therapies against CAFs have been considered to have the potential to significantly improve cancer treatment outcomes, overcome resistance, and improve immune evasion.
Psychophysiology
January 2025
Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Imaginal exposure is a standard procedure of cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of anxiety and panic disorders. It is often used when in vivo exposure is not possible, too stressful for patients, or would be too expensive. The Bio-Informational Theory implies that imaginal exposure is effective because of the perceptual proximity of mental imagery to real events, whereas empirical findings suggest that propositional thought of fear stimuli (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!