The current study analyzed the effects of three frames of reward magnitude-quantity, volume, and duration-on the rate at which college students discounted hypothetical, delayed monetary rewards. Hypothetical scenarios were presented using the fill-in-the-blank discounting questionnaire and participants made choices between immediate and delayed hypothetical monetary rewards. Scenarios framed the monetary choices as (a) quantity of dollar bills, (b) height (inches) of a stack of dollar bills, and (c) duration of time spent in a hypothetical cash machine to collect dollar bills. For each scenario, participants' subjective values were used to calculate the area under the curve (AuC). Framing resulted in a moderate effect size: The duration frame yielded significantly smaller AuC values compared to the quantity and volume frames. Thus, the framing of reward magnitude was a significant variable in controlling discounting rates for hypothetical, delayed monetary rewards. Subsequent investigations should be aware of the independent effects of the reward magnitude frames on delay discounting rates.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jeab.620 | DOI Listing |
J Neural Eng
January 2025
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213-3815, UNITED STATES.
Objective: Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) is an effective technique to modulate brain activity and treat diseases. However, TES is primarily used to stimulate superficial brain regions and is unable to reach deeper targets. The spread of injected currents in the head is affected by volume conduction and the additional spreading of currents as they move through head layers with different conductivities, as is discussed in [1].
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNPP Digit Psychiatry Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Does competition increase cheating? This question has been investigated by both psychologists and economists in the past and received conflicting answers. Notably, prior experimental work compared how people behaved under competitive and non-competitive tasks that were associated with different levels of uncertainty about the reward that people would receive. We aim to experimentally disentangle the effect of competition from the effects of uncertain rewards.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Clin Pharm
February 2025
School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China.
Background: Temporal discounting, the preference for immediate over delayed rewards, affects decision-making in domains like health and finance. Understanding the differences in how people discount health outcomes compared to monetary rewards is crucial to shaping health policy and technology assessments.
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Neurobiol Learn Mem
December 2024
Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX 78712, United States; Department of Neurology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX 78712, United States; Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX 78712, United States. Electronic address:
The ability to choose between options that differ in their risks and rewards depends on brain regions within the mesocorticolimbic circuit and regulation of their activity by neurotransmitter systems. Dopamine neurotransmission in particular plays a critical role in modulating such risk-taking behavior; however, the contribution of other major modulatory neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, is not as well-defined, especially for decision making in which the risk associated with more rewarding outcomes involves adverse consequences. Consequently, the goal of the current experiments was to examine how cholinergic signaling influences decision making involving risk of explicit punishment.
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