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Separating Infectious Proctitis from Inflammatory Bowel Disease-A Common Clinical Conundrum.
Microorganisms
November 2024
Department of Gastroenterology, St George's University Hospital, London SW17 0QT, UK.
Proctitis refers to inflammation in the rectum and may result in rectal bleeding, discharge, urgency, tenesmus, and lower abdominal pain. It is a common presentation, particularly in genitourinary medicine and gastroenterology, as the two most common causes are sexually transmitted infections and inflammatory bowel disease. The incidence of infective proctitis is rising, particularly amongst high-risk groups, including men who have sex with men, those with HIV seropositive status, and those participating in high-risk sexual behaviours.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransplant-associated TMA: the conundrum of diagnosis and treatment.
Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program
December 2024
Section of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) after hematopoietic cell transplantation is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) with persistent schistocytosis, elevated markers of hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, and microvascular thrombosis leading to ischemic injuries in the kidneys and other organs. The initial evaluation of the disease requires confirmation of non-immune MAHA and careful examination of known secondary causes of TMA. Due to increased likelihood of long-term renal failure and overall mortality, a rapid diagnosis and treatment of the underlying trigger is needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComplement C1S is a potential prognostic biomarker and associated with M2 macrophage infiltration in gliomas: From bioinformatics to comprehensive experimental validation.
Int Immunopharmacol
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Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China. Electronic address:
Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system, and the ability of traditional clinical treatment to prolong the survival of glioma patients is limited. A substantial body of evidence underscores the pivotal role of the immune system in eradicating malignant cells and impeding tumor metastasis. Consequently, tumor immunotherapy has become a promising avenue to address the clinical conundrum faced by glioma patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTen clinical conundrums in the management of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.
Expert Rev Clin Immunol
November 2024
Autoimmune Diseases Department, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Introduction: Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is an immune-mediated, inflammatory, multisystemic disease that is considered a form of ANCA-associated vasculitis and whose association with asthma and blood and tissue eosinophilia differentiate it from other types of vasculitis. Nevertheless, diagnosis of EGPA may be difficult or delayed not only because of the rarity of the disease, but also because other diseases can present with similar manifestations.
Areas Covered: We review a series of key areas in EGPA, namely, laboratory and clinical indicators of disease, diagnosis, role of biomarkers, induction and maintenance therapy, and use of traditional and novel drugs.
The conundrum of CD8 T cell trajectories in low antigenic tumors: How to overcome a hypofunctional state distinct from antigen-driven exhaustion?
Genes Immun
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Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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