[Identification of the priority conservation areas of national park: A case study of Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, China].

It is the goal of protected area management to make full use of limited resources to better protect biodiversity. Currently, the main tasks of developing national park system in China are to combine conservation features, optimize the spatial network of protected areas, and identify the prio-rity conservation areas of national parks effectively. In this study, we assessed the spatial distribution of key ecosystem services (carbon sequestration, oxygen release, hydrological regulation, water resources, and soil retention) using ecological model, and simulated the distribution of suitable habitats for 37 endangered species by MaxEnt in Lishui City, Zhejiang Province. The irreplaceability index of each planning unit in Lishui was calculated on the 0.4 km×0.4 km grid using the systema-tic conservation planning model (MARXAN), setting key ecosystem services and endangered species as the conservation objects. Combined with the local management needs, the priority protection areas of national parks were identified comprehensively. The results showed that during 2005 to 2015, the annual carbon storage, oxygen release, hydrological regulation, water resource, and soil retention in the study area was 0.05 kg C·m·a, 0.13 kg O·m·a, 83.25×10 m·a, 803 mm·a, and 95.53 t·hm·a, respectively. The irreplaceability index of different land use types was significantly different. The irreplaceability index of forest, river and reservoir, garden, cultivated land, residential land was 50-100, 60-100, 30-50, 15-35, 0-25, respectively. The priority conservation areas accounted for 11.8% of the study area. This study put forward a systematic conservation planning idea combining biodiversity and ecosystem services, which could provide a useful framework and technical support for optimizing the network layout of protected areas and priority conservation areas of national parks, and help to enhance the overall effectiveness of the establishment of the protected areas system with national parks as its main type in China.