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Fitness cost, realized heritability and stability of resistance to spiromesifen in house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). | LitMetric
The house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), is an insect pest of public health and veterinary importance. Spiromesifen is a new chemistry insecticide widely used for the management of sucking insect pests of vegetables and crops. In the present study, assessment of resistance risk and fitness costs associated with spiromesifen resistance in M. domestica was studied. Moreover, stability of resistance to spiromesifen and other tested insecticides (fipronil, spinosad, and bifenthrin) was evaluated in the spiromesifen-selected-strain (SPIRO-SEL-POP). After 7-generations of selection with spiromesifen, SPIRO-SEL-POP developed 108.76-fold resistance compared with the unselected strain (UNSEL-POP). The estimated value of realized heritability was 0.59 for spiromesifen resistance. Due to withdrawal of spiromesifen selection for five generations (F-F) on SPIRO-SEL-POP, a decline in LC values against spiromesifen, spinosad and bifenthrin was 0.16, 0.14 and 0.13-folds, respectively. In biological trait experiments, larval weight of Cross (SPIRO-SEL-POP♀ × UNSEL-POP♂) and SPIRO-SEL-POP was significantly lower than that of Cross (SPIRO-SEL-POP♂ × UNSEL-POP♀) and UNSEL-POP. Pupal weight of SPIRO-SEL-POP was higher when compared with Cross while it was similar to that of Cross and UNSEL-POP. Adult emergence rate of UNSEL-POP was higher than Cross, but similar to the Cross and SPIRO-SEL-POP. The SPIRO-SEL-POP and Cross showed the lowest relative fitness when compared with USEL-POP and Cross. Intrinsic rate of natural increase of SPIRO-SEL-POP was much lower than that of UNSEL-POP and Cross followed by Cross. The SPIRO-SEL-POP exhibited lower biotic potential when compared with UNSEL-POP and Cross but similar to Cross. Fecundity and hatching rates were lower in SPIRO-SEL-POP compared to UNSEL-POP. It could be concluded that spiromesifen resistance in M. domestica comes with a cost and is instable. Therefore, spiromesifen rotation with other insecticides and withdraw of its usage for some period could help to sustain its efficacy by delaying the development of resistance.
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