The increasing access and efficacy of antiretroviral therapy has allowed people living with human immunodeficiency virus to achieve a life expectancy similar to that of the general population. However, this goal may be affected by the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in this group. This risk is multifactorial, involving the high prevalence of traditional risk factors, the development of a pro-inflammatory state related to chronic infection, and the use of antiretroviral drugs with an adverse metabolic profile. In daily practice, in order to estimate this risk and guide medical decision-making, different calculators are available. These are based on data from population cohorts, many of them from human immunodeficiency virusnegative subjects. The main aim of this review is to describe the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in people living with human immunodeficiency virus, the available risk calculators and their use.
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