microRNAs play prominent regulatory roles by inducing target mRNA degradation or translational repression. Several studies have highlighted the power of microRNAs as biomarkers and potential mechanistic mediators of human kidney disease. Small RNA deep sequencing libraries can be generated from minute amounts of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues including specific tissue regions. Such analyses have unique advantages and may complement analyses of fresh kidney specimens to advance tissue functional genomics-based precision medicine for human kidney disease.
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