This study investigated the interactive effects of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) sources and phytase on growth performance, oxidative status, mineral digestibility, tissue mineral concentrations, and gut morphology in nursery pigs. A total of 288 weaning barrows [body weight (BW) = 5.71 ± 0.81 kg], blocked by initial BW, were randomly allotted to one of eight dietary treatments, with nine pens per treatment and four pigs per pen. The eight dietary treatments were arranged in 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, with two Zn sources [2,000, 2,000, and 100 mg/kg Zn from zinc oxide (ZnO) during phase 1 (days 1-14) and phase 2 (days 15-28), and phase 3 (days 29-42), respectively; 100 mg/kg Zn from zinc methionine hydroxy analogue chelate (Zn-MHAC) from phases 1 to 3], two Cu sources [150, 80, and 80 mg/kg Cu from copper sulfate (CuSO) or copper methionine hydroxy analogue chelate (Cu-MHAC) during phases 1-3, respectively], and two phytase inclusion levels (0 or 500 FTU/kg). Results showed that ZnO supplementation at 2,000 mg/kg Zn significantly increased average daily feed intake (ADFI; = 0.01) and average daily gain (ADG; = 0.03) during phase 1 compared to Zn-MHAC group; however, Zn-MHAC supplementation tended ( = 0.06) to improve gain to feed ratio (G:F) during phase 2 compared to ZnO group. There were no differences ( > 0.10) between ZnO and Zn-MHAC groups in terms of ADG, ADFI, and G:F during the entire nursery period. Compared with CuSO, Cu-MHAC tended to increase ADG ( = 0.07) and G:F ( = 0.08) during the entire nursery period. Phytase supplementation significantly increased ADG ( < 0.01), ADFI ( < 0.01), and G:F ( < 0.01) during the entire nursery period compared with no phytase supplementation. There was a significant interaction ( < 0.01) between Zn source and phytase on standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of phosphorus (P), whereas there was no interaction ( = 0.21) between Cu sources and phytase on STTD of P. However, there was a significant interaction between Cu sources and phytase on calcium (Ca; = 0.02) and P ( = 0.03) concentrations in metacarpal bones and G:F in phase 2 ( = 0.09). Furthermore, pigs fed diets containing Zn-MHAC tended to have lower ileum villus width ( = 0.07), compared with those fed diets containing ZnO, and pigs fed diets containing Cu-MHAC tended to have lower plasma malondialdehyde concentration ( = 0.10) compared with those fed diets containing CuSO. In conclusion, under the conditions of the current study, ZnO supplementation at 2,000 mg/kg Zn was only effective in the first 2 wk postweaning, whereas Zn-MHAC supplementation at 100 mg/kg Zn could achieve better feed efficiency during phase 2 compared to pharmacological levels of ZnO, therefore, leading to no difference of growth performance in the entire nursery period. Low levels of Zn-MHAC may improve phytase efficacy on degrading phytate P compared to pharmacological levels of ZnO. Cu-MHAC may be more effective to promote growth compared to CuSO, which may be partially driven by reduced oxidative stress. Results also indicated that Cu-MHAC might exert a synergistic effect with phytase on improving feed efficiency and bone mineralization.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaa083 | DOI Listing |
Animals (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Animal Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
To begin formulating broiler diets on a digestible calcium (Ca) basis, robust Ca digestibility values for ingredients and factors affecting this digestibility are needed. This study had three main objectives: (1) determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of Ca and phosphorus (P) for seven plant-based feed ingredients in broilers, (2) assess the impact of phytate source on SID Ca from limestone (LS), and (3) evaluate the effect of phytase on SID Ca and P for the different ingredients. Two experiments were conducted to satisfy these objectives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnimals (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
The co-product canola meal contains little fat and has been used in swine production as a protein source for several decades. More recently, locally produced canola cake has also become available that contains important quantities of residual oil. Both canola co-products contain a considerable quantity of phosphorus (P) with low availability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPoult Sci
November 2024
Danisco Animal Nutrition & Health (IFF), Willem Einthovenstraat 4, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, the Netherlands.
Two experiments tested the effect of a bacterial 6-phytase (PhyG) supplemented to a vegetable broiler diet without or with added trace minerals (TM), on growth performance and TM utilization. Each tested 12 treatments in a 2 × 6 factorial arrangement with 3,360 Ross 308 males (35 birds/pen, 8 pens/treatment) in a randomized complete block design. Phytase levels comprised no PhyG or PhyG at 2,000, 1,500 and 1,000 FTU/kg during 0 to 10, 10 to 20 and (Experiment 2) 20 to 35 d of age, respectively; TM diets comprised: no added TM (diet 1); 10, 15, 3 and 10, or 20, 30, 6 and 20 mg/kg of Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn as sulphate (diets 2 and 3); 15, 3 and 10 mg/kg of Zn, Cu and Mn as oxide and 15 mg/kg Fe as sulphate, or 30, 6 and 20 mg/kg of Zn, Cu and Mn as oxide and 30 mg/kg Fe as sulphate (diets 4 and 5), and; 10, 3, 15 and 10 mg/kg of organic Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn (diet 6).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Microbiol
October 2024
Center National of Research Agronomic-CNRA, Man, Côte d'Ivoire.
The impact of chemical fertilizers on soil microbial communities is well acknowledged. This study assesses the influence of various phosphorus sources on soil bacterial composition, abundance, and Phosphorus Cycle Gene Abundance. Three phosphorus sources (natural phosphate rock, triple super phosphate (TSP), and chemical fertilizer NPK) were field tested following two rice cultivation cycles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Microbiol
October 2024
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
Background: With the rapid development of animal husbandry, the demand for protein feed resources is increasing. Cottonseed meal (CSM) and soybean meal (SBM) are rich sources of protein. However, their application is limited due to the existence of anti-nutrients, which can be harmful to the digestion and absorption.
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