Exposure to NO pollution has a significant adverse effect on residents' health. However, few studies have assessed the health effects associated with NO pollution. Compared with PM pollution, the harmfulness of NO pollution has not been quantitatively studied or clearly identified. In this study, we assessed the NO exposure-related health effects by non-linear and linear methods, taking advantage of online monitoring and survey data. We also assessed the economic cost of NO pollution in 338 cities in China. Our results showed that the average annual concentration of NO in the top fifteen cities with more than ten million permanent residents (except for Shenzhen, in the Guangdong province) exceeded the annual Grade II standards (40 μg/m). The estimated national NO-related all-cause mortality for non-linear and linear methods were 388.5 × 10 (95% CI: 198.1 × 10-748.2 × 10) and 374.1 × 10 (95% CI: 194.3 × 10-695.9 × 10), respectively. The total calculated national economic cost was about 28.8 billion US$ (95% CI: 14.7-55.4) in 2016. In addition, the comparison results showed that the harm caused by PM pollution was about four times that of NO pollution. Our statistics contribute to the limited research on NO pollution's effects on health and the economy in China.
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