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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.07.012 | DOI Listing |
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Physiological Fatty Acid-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Redox Signaling Lipotoxicity.
Antioxid Redox Signal
January 2025
Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, No.75, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
Type 2 diabetes as a world-wide epidemic is characterized by the insulin resistance concomitant to a gradual impairment of β-cell mass and function (prominently declining insulin secretion) with dysregulated fatty acids (FAs) and lipids, all involved in multiple pathological development. Recently, redox signaling was recognized to be essential for insulin secretion stimulated with glucose (GSIS), branched-chain keto-acids, and FAs. FA-stimulated insulin secretion (FASIS) is a normal physiological event upon postprandial incoming chylomicrons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHyperchylomicronemia causes endothelial cell inflammation and increases atherosclerosis.
Res Sq
November 2024
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016.
The effect of increased triglycerides (TGs) as an independent factor in atherosclerosis development has been contentious, in part, because severe hypertriglyceridemia associates with low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). To test whether hyperchylomicronemia, in the absence of markedly reduced LDL-C levels, contributes to atherosclerosis, we created mice with induced whole-body lipoprotein lipase (LpL) deficiency combined with LDL receptor (LDLR) deficiency. On an atherogenic Western-type diet (WD), male and female mice with induced global LpL deficiency (i ) and LDLR knockdown ( ) developed hypertriglyceridemia and elevated cholesterol levels; all the increased cholesterol was in chylomicrons or large VLDL.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinical Consequences of Delayed Gastric Emptying With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Tirzepatide.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
December 2024
Diabetes, Endocrinology, Metabolism Section, Medical Department I, Katholisches Klinikum Bochum gGmbH, Sankt Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, D-44791 Bochum, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are commonly used to manage type 2 diabetes and obesity, helping to slow gastric emptying which can help control blood sugar levels but may lead to issues like retained gastric contents during medical procedures.
- A review of studies indicates that while retained gastric contents during endoscopy is more common with GLP-1 RA usage, serious complications like pulmonary aspiration are rare, but guidelines for managing these medications during procedures are limited and not well-defined.
- To enhance patient safety, further research is needed on strategies such as extended fasting before procedures, ultrasound checks for gastric contents, and the potential use of prokinetic drugs like erythromycin.
Angiopoietin-like Proteins and Lipoprotein Lipase: The Waltz Partners That Govern Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Metabolism? Impact on Atherogenesis, Dietary Interventions, and Emerging Therapies.
J Clin Med
September 2024
Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA.
Over 50% of patients who take statins are still at risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and do not achieve their goal LDL-C levels. This residual risk is largely dependent on triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) and their remnants. In essence, remnant cholesterol-rich chylomicron (CM) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles play a role in atherogenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeripheral Serotonin Controls Dietary Fat Absorption and Chylomicron Secretion via 5-HT4 Receptor in Males.
Endocrinology
August 2024
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
Postprandial dyslipidemia is commonly present in people with type 2 diabetes and obesity and is characterized by overproduction of apolipoprotein B48-containing chylomicron particles from the intestine. Peripheral serotonin is emerging as a regulator of energy homeostasis with profound implications for obesity; however, its role in dietary fat absorption and chylomicron production is unknown. Chylomicron production was assessed in Syrian golden hamsters by administering an olive oil gavage and IP poloxamer to inhibit lipoprotein clearance.
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