To demonstrate the wearable flexible/stretchable health-monitoring sensor, it is necessary to develop advanced functional materials and fabrication technologies. Among the various developed materials and fabrication processes for wearable sensors, carbon-based materials and textile-based configurations are considered as promising approaches due to their outstanding characteristics such as high conductivity, lightweight, high mechanical properties, wearability, and biocompatibility. Despite these advantages, in order to realize practical wearable applications, electrical and mechanical performances such as sensitivity, stability, and long-term use are still not satisfied. Accordingly, in this review, we describe recent advances in process technologies to fabricate advanced carbon-based materials and textile-based sensors, followed by their applications such as human activity and electrophysiological sensors. Furthermore, we discuss the remaining challenges for both carbon- and textile-based wearable sensors and then suggest effective strategies to realize the wearable sensors in health monitoring.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20143927 | DOI Listing |
Int J Biol Macromol
January 2025
Shaoxing Key Laboratory of High Performance Fibers & Products, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China; Shaoxing Sub-center of National Engineering Research Center for Fiber-based Composites, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, Shaoxing 312000, China; Key Laboratory of Clean Dyeing and Finishing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China. Electronic address:
Wearable devices that incorporate flexible pressure sensors have shown great potential for human-machine interaction, speech recognition, health monitoring, and handwriting recognition.However, achieving high sensitivity, durability, wide detection range, and breathability through cost-effective fabrication remains challenging. Through ultrasound-assisted modification and impregnation-drying, dome-structured nonwovens/rGO/PDMS flexible pressure sensors were developed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
January 2025
Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. Electronic address:
Graphene exhibits exceptional electrical properties, and aerogels made from it demonstrate high sensitivity when used in sensors. However, traditional graphene aerogels have poor biocompatibility and sustainability, posing potential environmental and health risks. Moreover, the stacking of their internal structures results in low compressive strength and fatigue resistance, which limits their further applications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
January 2025
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China. Electronic address:
Conductive hydrogels with exceptional mechanical properties have received extensive attention in flexible strain sensors. However, there is still a huge challenge in the preparation of hydrogels with high toughness, conductivity and frost resistance performance. In this study, the prepared PA-PAAM-CS (PPAC) composite hydrogels were obtained by incorporating phytic acid (PA) and chitosan (CS) into poly(acrylamide-co-stearyl methacrylate) (PAAM) polymer network.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGait Posture
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States. Electronic address:
Background: Gait impairments are common in individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), presenting in the acute phase and often persisting in subtle ways over time. Despite the prominence of laboratory gait evaluations, a comprehensive understanding of gait deficits post-mTBI necessitates the examination of various gait domains in real-world environments. Assessing gait during a community ambulation task (CAT) may capture real-world challenges and influence focused interventions or rehabilitation in individuals with mTBI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
The growing advancement of wearable technologies and sophisticated sensors has driven the need for environmentally friendly and reliable energy sources with robust mechanical stability. Flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) have become promising substitutes for traditional energy solutions thanks to their remarkable mechanical flexibility and high power conversion efficiency (PCE). These unique properties allow flexible OSCs to seamlessly integrate with diverse devices and substrates, making them an excellent choice for powering various electronic devices by efficiently harvesting solar energy.
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