Client and therapist agreement in moment-to-moment helpfulness ratings in psychotherapy: A microprocess approach.

Method: Clients (n = 16; M  = 32.88 years; 81% female) and their therapists (n = 10; 80% female) from a training clinic provided moment-to-moment ratings while reviewing a video recording of a recent session. West and Kenny's Truth-and-Bias (T&B) model was used to examine agreement in ratings. Multilevel modeling was used to evaluate the agreement-alliance association while controlling for sessions completed.

Results: Consistent with the T&B model, client-therapist ratings were temporally congruent and were not discrepant overall. Greater congruence and smaller discrepancies were linked with stronger alliances.

Conclusions: The within-session and between-dyad variability in helpfulness ratings highlight the utility of moment-to-moment rating methods. Findings suggest that therapists should attune to client perceptions on a within-session level and attunement may be a target for enhancing the alliance.