Early Failures After Lumbar Discectomy Surgery: An Analysis of 62 690 Patients.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To determine the rate of early failures (readmission or reoperation for new or recurrent pain/neurological symptoms) within 30 days after lumbar discectomy and identify associated risk factors.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients undergoing lumbar discectomy in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database between 2013 and 2017. Rates of readmission for new or recurrent symptoms or reoperation for revision discectomy or fusion within 30 days postoperatively were measured and correlated with risk factors.

Results: In total 62 690 patients were identified; overall rate of readmission within 30 days was 3.3%, including 1.2% for pain or neurological symptoms. Populations at increased risk of readmission were those with 3 or more levels of treatment (2.0%, odds ratio [OR] 2.8%, < .01), age >70 years (1.8%, OR 1.6, < .01), class 3 obesity (1.5%, OR 1.4, = .04), and female gender (1.4%, OR 1.2, = .02). The overall rate of reoperation within 30 days was 2.2%, including 1.2% for revision decompression or lumbar fusion surgery. Populations at increased risk of reoperation were revision discectomies (1.4%, OR 1.7, < .01) and females (1.1%, OR 1.4, < 0.01). Extraforaminal discectomies were associated with lower rates of readmission (0.7%, OR 0.6, = 0.02) and reoperation (0.4%, OR 0.4, = .01).

Conclusions: Early failures after lumbar discectomy surgery are rare. However, certain subpopulations are associated with increased rates of early failure: obesity, multilevel surgery, females, and revision discectomies.