Background: There is growing concern about the developmental outcome of infants exposed to HIV in utero. HIV-infected women are at greater risk of premature delivery which poses a further developmental risk factor.
Objectives: To determine whether there is a difference between the development of premature infants born at 28-37 weeks gestational age that are HIV exposed but uninfected (HEU) compared with HIV-unexposed uninfected infants (HUU).
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a Johannesburg state hospital. Thirty HEU and 30 HUU infants, aged between 16 days and six months, were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III.
Results: The two groups were well matched for gestational age and birth weight; however, more HUU infants presented with neonatal complications. HUU infants had lower developmental scores than HEU infants in the language ( = 0.003) and motor ( = 0.037) subscales. Expressive language was more affected in the HUU infants ( = 0.001), and fine ( = 0.001) and gross motor ( = 0.03) were affected as well. HUU infants with neonatal complications such as meningitis ( = 0.02) and neonatal jaundice (NNJ) ( = 0.01) are more likely to present with language and motor delay.
Conclusion: Meningitis and NNJ have more impact on infant development than in-utero HIV and ARV exposure.
Clinical Implications: It is important for all premature infants to be screened regularly in order to diagnose developmental delays early so as to ensure early intervention and improved quality of life.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajp.v76i1.1401 | DOI Listing |
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