In Vitro Control of Genes Critical for Parathyroid Embryogenesis by Extracellular Calcium.

Background: The expression of the parathyroid transcription factors, encoded by the genes , , and , persists after parathyroid morphogenesis. This suggests a role of these genes in the regulatory program that governs parathyroid function in the adult. Indeed, these 3 genes form a transcriptional cascade able to activate gene expression.

Materials And Methods: Adult adenoma parathyroid tissues were put in primary cell culture to evaluate the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of the gene, of the genes involved in the calcium regulatory signaling pathway (, , and ), and of the 3 genes (, , and involved in the parathyroid morphogenesis in the presence of different extracellular calcium concentrations from 0.1 mM to 3.0 mM.

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate whether different extracellular calcium conditions could control the expression of transcription factors critical for parathyroid embryogenesis.

Results: The results of the experiments showed that the mRNA expression of , , and genes follows the same response as the gene to extracellular calcium concentrations, with the highest expression at low calcium (0.1 mM) and the lowest at high calcium (3.0 mM). Conversely, the genes involved in the calcium signaling in the parathyroid cells showed a variable response to the extracellular calcium concentrations, with the and genes exhibiting a sensitivity to low calcium concentrations.

Conclusions: These findings indicate that transcription factors recognized for their role in parathyroid embryogenesis show a response to extracellular calcium later in adulthood that parallels the behavior of the gene.