Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Until recently, the Old World bollworm (OWB) (Hübner) and the corn earworm (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were geographically isolated. Both species are major pests of agricultural commodities that are known to develop insecticide resistance, and they now coexist in areas where invaded the Americas. This is the first study to compare the susceptibility of the two species to conventional insecticides. The susceptibility of third instar and larvae to indoxacarb, methomyl, spinetoram, and spinosad was determined using a diet-overlay bioassay in a quarantine laboratory in Puerto Rico. Mortality was assessed at 48 h after exposure for up to eight concentrations per insecticide. Spinetoram exhibited the highest acute toxicity against , with a median lethal concentration (LC) of 0.11 µg a.i./cm, followed by indoxacarb and spinosad (0.17 µg a.i./cm for both) and methomyl (0.32 µg a.i./cm). Spinetoram was also the most toxic to (LC of 0.08 µg a.i./cm), followed by spinosad (0.17 µg a.i./cm) and methomyl (0.18 µg a.i./cm). Indoxacarb was the least toxic to . , with an LC of 0.21 µg a.i./cm. These findings could serve as a comparative reference for monitoring the susceptibility of and to indoxacarb, methomyl, spinetoram, and spinosad in Puerto Rico, and may facilitate the detection of field-selected resistance for these two species and their potential hybrids in areas recently invaded by .
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7412147 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11070431 | DOI Listing |
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!