AI Article Synopsis
- The synaptotagmin family regulates calcium-dependent membrane fusion and has 17 isoforms found in mice and humans, primarily studied for their roles in synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
- Recent research emphasizes the importance of additional isoforms beyond the traditional neurotransmitter release, revealing their roles in various brain functions like receptor endocytosis and neuroprotection.
- This review aims to summarize the diverse functions and findings related to all synaptotagmin isoforms and explore their classifications and interactions in different cell types.
Article Abstract
The synaptotagmin family of molecules is known for regulating calcium-dependent membrane fusion events. Mice and humans express 17 synaptotagmin isoforms, where most studies have focused on isoforms 1, 2, and 7, which are involved in synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Recent work has highlighted how brain function relies on additional isoforms, with roles in postsynaptic receptor endocytosis, vesicle trafficking, membrane repair, synaptic plasticity, and protection against neurodegeneration, for example, in addition to the traditional concept of synaptotagmin-mediated neurotransmitter release - in neurons as well as glia, and at different timepoints. In fact, it is not uncommon for the same isoform to feature several splice isoforms, form homo- and heterodimers, and function in different subcellular locations and cell types. This review aims to highlight the diversity of synaptotagmins, offers a concise summary of key findings on all isoforms, and discusses different ways of grouping these.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2020.04.006 | DOI Listing |
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