Characteristics of three microbial colonization states in the duodenum of the cirrhotic patients.

Investigation of characteristics of different duodenal microbial colonization states in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). Deep-sequencing analyses of the 16S rRNA gene V1-V3 regions were performed. Both bacterial compositions and richness were different between the three-clustered LC microbiotas, in other words, Cluster_1_LC, Cluster_2_LC and Cluster_3_LC. Cluster_1_LC were more likely at severe dysbiosis status due to its lowest modified cirrhosis dysbiosis ratio. OTU12_ and OTU10_ were most associated with Cluster_1_LC and Cluster_3_LC, respectively, while OTU38_ was vital in Cluster_2_LC. Pyruvate-ferredoxin/flavodoxin oxidoreductase, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and branched-chain amino acid transport system substrate-binding protein were most associated with Cluster_1_LC, Cluster_2_LC and Cluster_3_LC, respectively. The three duodenal microbial colonization states had distinct representative characteristics, which might reflect the health status of cirrhotic patients.