Clinical characteristics and prognosis of Total Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a matched case-control study.

Background: Although many studies have reported clinical features, surgical outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), studies focusing on total RRD are rare. In this study, we investigate the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and prognosis of total RRD.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on cases of 44 total RRD and an age- and sex-matched 88 partial RRD. Two groups were compared for clinical characteristics, risk factors, and prognosis.

Results: The prevalence of total RRD in all cases of retinal detachment was 4.4%. Pseudophakic eye, ocular trauma, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) were significantly associated with a risk of total RRD (P = .002, P = .003, and P < .001, respectively). In the total RRD group, retinal breaks were located in both superior and inferior parts of the retina, and macular holes and giant retinal tears were frequently found. The best-corrected visual acuity (log MAR) before surgery and final best-corrected visual acuity after surgery were 2.23 ± 0.45 and 1.88 ± 0.96, which was significantly poorer than in the partial RRD group (P < .001). The success rate after primary surgery was 75.0% in the total RRD group, which was significantly lower than partial RRD group (P < .001). Old age, pseudophakic eye, and macular hole as the type of retinal break were highly associated with low success rate. (P = .010, P = .0500, and P = .002).

Conclusions: Patients with total RRD had higher recurrence rate and poorer visual outcome after surgery than patients with focal RRD. Old age, pseudophakic eye, and presence of macular hole were important risk factors for recurrence after total RRD repair. Additional surgical procedures should be considered to combine with vitrectomy to achieve better surgical outcomes in these patients.