Management of antibiotic-resistant infection: current perspective in Iran.

is a common gastric bacterial pathogen implicated in the pathogenesis of many digestive tract disorders. infection prevalence has been reported alarmingly in Iran. A plethora of studies have been conducted to evaluate the efficiency of first-line and second-line eradication attempts in patients diagnosed with infections in Iran. The present study, was evaluated the efficacy of first-line and second-line therapy in infections in Iran. We aimed to consider the literature review of the various library and electronic databases (Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar) until 2020. The frequency of bacterial resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, trimethoprim, erythromycin, ofloxacin, and metronidazolewas found to be high in Iran, while the most effective antibiotics were clarithromycin, rifampin, rifampicin, tetracycline, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and azithromycin. The therapeutic choice for eradication in Iran could be quadruple therapy using two antibiotics amoxicillin and metronidazole/clarithromycin for the first-line regimen, and a combination of furazolidone plus tetracycline/amoxicillin and bismuth plus proton pump inhibitor for the second-line regimen. Due to increased antibiotic resistance in our region, empirical therapy must be replaced by more targeted treatment based on antimicrobial drug resistance profiles obtained from patients. Although we limited our investigation on the eradication regimens in Iran, the results can be generalized to any region as long as the patterns of resistance are the same.