Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a well-described complication following surgical procedures. The incidence of such a complication can be related to the presence of a peculiar patient's condition. Cryoglobulinemia, which consists in the presence of one or more immunoglobulins in the serum that precipitate at temperatures below 37°C and redissolve on warming, seems to increase the risk of thrombotic events. Treatment options of APE, according to clinical severity, include systemic thrombolysis, surgical embolectomy, and systemic anticoagulation. Thrombolysis is considered the first-line treatment, whereas surgery is reserved in case of extremely-compromised hemodynamic conditions related to massive central embolism, and in case of contraindication to thrombolysis. Here, we report a case of acute massive pulmonary embolism occurring at the end of a surgical procedure for a thymic carcinoma resection, in a patient with cryoglobulinemia, which required an emergent surgical pulmonary embolectomy.
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