Background And Objective: Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) affects millions of people each year in the USA. The majority of patients with CABP are treated in the community setting with empirical antimicrobial therapy. Delafloxacin is an anionic fluoroquinolone approved for the treatment of adult patients with CABP. This de novo analysis sought to estimate the budget impact of delafloxacin in the treatment of adult patients with CABP in the outpatient setting from the payer's perspective.
Methods: A budget impact model (BIM) was developed from the perspective of a US third-party payer to estimate the cost of introducing delafloxacin for the outpatient treatment of CABP over a 1-year time horizon. Population, clinical, and cost inputs were based on the available literature, clinical trial data, and real-world evidence studies. Scenario analyses were conducted to evaluate the potential budget impact among COPD/asthma patients based on the findings from the phase III trial of delafloxacin for CABP, which indicated that patients with COPD or asthma may experience improved effectiveness with delafloxacin compared to moxifloxacin.
Results: In the base-case analysis, with a hypothetical plan of 1,000,000 members, the model estimated that adding delafloxacin to the formulary resulted in a total budget impact of $58,987. This increase was mainly attributed to treatment acquisition costs. In the scenario analysis that was restricted to COPD/asthma patients, adding delafloxacin to the formulary was estimated to result in a total budget impact of $5,042.
Conclusion: The results of the budget impact analyses provide conservative estimates of the impact of adding delafloxacin to outpatient formularies in substitution of moxifloxacin.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40261-020-00938-y | DOI Listing |
Front Artif Intell
December 2024
Robert Bosch Center for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
We study a contextual bandit setting where the agent has access to causal side information, in addition to the ability to perform multiple targeted experiments corresponding to potentially different context-action pairs-simultaneously in one-shot within a budget. This new formalism provides a natural model for several real-world scenarios where parallel targeted experiments can be conducted and where some domain knowledge of causal relationships is available. We propose a new algorithm that utilizes a novel entropy-like measure that we introduce.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEinstein (Sao Paulo)
December 2024
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
Objective: This study aimed to estimate the direct costs of peripherally inserted central catheterization by nurses for hospitalized patients.
Methods: A cost estimation study using a quantitative approach was conducted in a public teaching hospital in northern Paraná to calculate the direct costs of peripherally inserted central catheterization. The population included all medical records of patients between 15 and 99 years of age who were hospitalized and underwent peripherally inserted central catheterization by nurses between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2021, totaling 664 insertions.
Clin Anat
December 2024
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Horst Oertel was an early 20th century pathologist who began his career as an instructor of clinical pathology at the New York University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College in 1899. In 1903, he was appointed pathologist for City Hospital, an institution for indigent patients on New York City's Blackwell's Island. In 1907, Oertel became the first director of the Russell Sage Institute of Pathology, a unique new blended public-private entity based at City Hospital, that was named after a wealthy benefactor.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOnt Health Technol Assess Ser
December 2024
Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for about 85% of all lung cancer cases. While some cases of NSCLC with actionable genomic alterations in the tumour cells may respond to standard therapies, they often show greater improvement with targeted therapies. The current standard of care in Ontario involves testing for actionable genomic alterations using both DNA and RNA panels via tissue testing alone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOnt Health Technol Assess Ser
December 2024
Background: In medicine, x-rays are used to generate images of tissues and structures inside the body. X-rays are emitted by a source device and, after passing through the body, strike a detector, which forms an image of the tissues and structures the x-rays passed through. Dual-energy subtraction (DES) x-ray systems use radiation of different energy spectra (energy levels) and the principle of differential absorption characteristics of bone and soft tissue to produce separate bone and soft tissue x-ray images, in addition to a conventional x-ray image.
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