[Totally Endoscopic Aortic Valve Replacement Using the Three-dimensional Endoscope].

Totally endoscopic aortic valve replacement (TE-AVR) is still challenging, and few series report exist even today. In 2015, we started to use three-dimensional (3D) endoscope and we also introduced TE-AVR. Patient is placed in the partial left lateral position. The main wound is created in right antero-lateral 4th intercostal space through 4 cm skin incision. No rib spreader is used. 3D endoscope is inserted on the mid-axillary line. A 5 mm trocar was inserted in the 3rd intercostal space, thus creating 3-port setting similarly to that for endoscopic mitral valve surgery. All sutures are tied using a knot-pusher. We have performed 106 cases of TE-AVR. Compared with transaxillary AVR, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the hospital deaths or MACCE. Postoperative hospital stays became shorter in totally endoscopic group. In conclusion, TE-AVR was possible through 3 ports created in the right antero-lateral chest similarly to the endoscopic mitral valve surgery. Transaxillary approach seemed to be suitable for the TE-AVR. By adopting common approach for both mitral valve surgery and aortic valve surgery, endoscopic double valve surgery could be performed seamlessly.