Cultivated grapevines () lack resistance to powdery mildew (PM) with few exceptions. Resistance to this pathogen within has been reported in earlier studies and identified as the locus in two Central Asian table grape accessions. Other PM-resistant cultivated varieties and accessions of the wild ancestor subsp. were soon identified raising questions regarding the origin of the resistance. In this study, F1 breeding populations were developed with a PM susceptible subsp. breeding line and a PM-resistant subsp. accession. Genotyping was carried out with five locus linked SSR markers. A PM resistance locus explaining up to 96% of the phenotypic variation was identified in the same genomic position, where the locus was previously reported. New SSR marker alleles linked with the resistance locus were identified. We report results of PM resistance in multiple accessions of subsp. collected as seed lots or cuttings from five countries in the Caucasus and Central Asia. A total of 20 females from 11 seed lots and 19 males from nine seed lots collected from Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan were resistant to PM. Three male and one female plant collected as cuttings from Afghanistan and Iran were also resistant to PM. Allelic analysis of markers linked with the locus in conjunction with disease evaluation data found a high diversity of allelic haplotypes, which are only possible via recombination events occurring over a long time period. Sequence analysis of two alleles of the SSR marker that cosegregates with the resistance found SNPs that were present in the wild progenitor and in cultivated forms. Variable levels of PM resistance among the tested accessions were also observed. These lines of evidence suggest that the powdery mildew fungus may have been present in Asia for a longer time than currently thought, giving the wild progenitor subsp. time to coevolve with and develop resistance to this pathogen.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-0335-z | DOI Listing |
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