End-Tidal-to-Arterial P Ratio as Signifier for Physiologic Dead-Space Ratio and Oxygenation Dysfunction in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Background: The ratio of end-tidal CO pressure to arterial partial pressure of CO ([Formula: see text]) was recently suggested for monitoring pulmonary gas exchange in patients with ARDS associated with COVID-19, yet no evidence was offered supporting that claim. Therefore, we evaluated whether [Formula: see text] might be relevant in assessing ARDS not associated with COVID-19.

Methods: We evaluated the correspondence between [Formula: see text] and the ratio of dead space to tidal volume (V/V) measured in 561 subjects with ARDS from a previous study in whom [Formula: see text] data were also available. Subjects also were analyzed according to 4 ranges of [Formula: see text] representing increasing illness severity (≥ 0.80, 0.6-0.79, 0.50-0.59, and < 0.50). Correlation was assessed by either Pearson or Spearman tests, grouped comparisons were assessed using either ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests and dichotomous variables assessed by Fisher Exact tests. Normally distributed data are presented as mean and standard deviation(SD) and non-normal data are presented as median and inter-quartile range (IQR). Overall mortality risk was assessed with multivariate logistic regression. Alpha was set at 0.05.

Results: [Formula: see text] correlated strongly with V/V (r = -0.87 [95% CI -0.89 to -0.85], < .001). Decreasing [Formula: see text] was associated with increased V/V and hospital mortality between all groups. In the univariate analysis, for every 0.01 decrease in [Formula: see text], mortality risk increased by ∼1% (odds ratio 0.009, 95% CI 0.003-0.029, < .001) and maintained a strong independent association with mortality risk when adjusted for other variables (odds ratio 0.19, 95% CI 0.04-0.91, = .039). [Formula: see text] < 0.50 was characterized by very high mean ± SD value for V/V (0.82 ± 0.05, < .001) and high hospital mortality (70%).

Conclusions: Using [Formula: see text] as a surrogate for V/V may be a useful and practical measurement for both management and ongoing research into the nature of ARDS.