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Distinct CD8 T-cell types Associated with COVID-19 Severity in Unvaccinated HLA-A2 Patients.
bioRxiv
January 2025
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Although emerging data have revealed the critical role of memory CD8 T cells in preventing and controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection, virus-specific CD8 T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 and its memory and innate-like subsets in unvaccinated COVID-19 patients with various disease manifestations in an HLA-restricted fashion remain to be understood. Here, we show the strong association of protective cellular immunity with mild COVID-19 and unique cell types against SARS-CoV-2 virus in an HLA-A2 restricted manner. ELISpot assays reveal that SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8 T-cell responses in mild COVID-19 patients are significantly higher than in severe patients, whereas neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 virus significantly correlate with disease severity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFControl of BKPyV-DNAemia by a Tailored Viro-Immunologic Approach Does Not Lead to BKPyV-Nephropathy Progression and Development of Donor-Specific Antibodies in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation.
Microorganisms
December 2024
Cell Factory, Department of Mother and Child Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Polyomavirus BK (BKPyV)-associated nephropathy (BKPyV-nephropathy) remains a significant cause of premature kidney allograft failure. In the absence of effective antiviral treatments, current therapeutic approaches rely on immunosuppression (IS) reduction, possibly at the risk of inducing alloimmunity. Therefore, we sought to explore the long-term effects of a tailored viro-immunologic surveillance and treatment program for BKPyV on the development of alloimmunity and kidney graft outcome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnhancement of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8 T Cell Responses with TIGIT Blockade Involves Trogocytosis.
Pathogens
December 2024
Immunology and Infectious Diseases Program, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada.
Natural killer (NK) and CD8 T cell function is compromised in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection by increased expression of inhibitory receptors such as TIGIT (T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains). Blocking inhibitory receptors or their ligands with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) has potential to improve antiviral immunity in general and facilitate HIV eradication strategies. We assessed the impact of TIGIT engagement and blockade on cytotoxicity, degranulation, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production by CD8 T cells from persons living with HIV (PLWH).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHSP60 controls mitochondrial ATP generation for optimal virus-specific IL-21-producing CD4 and cytotoxic CD8 memory T cell responses.
Commun Biol
December 2024
Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 boulevard des Prairies, H7V 1M7, Laval, QC, Canada.
We have shown that virus-specific CD4 and CD8 memory T cells (TM) induce autophagy after T cell receptor (TCR) engagement to provide free glutamine and fatty acids, including in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). These nutrients fuel mitochondrial ATP generation through glutaminolysis and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) pathways, to fulfill the bioenergetic demands for optimal IL-21 and cytotoxic molecule production in CD4 and CD8 cells, respectively. Here, we expand our knowledge on how the metabolic events that occur in the mitochondria of virus-specific TM down-stream of the autophagy are regulated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRole of rapidly evolving immunotherapy in chronic active Epstein-Barr virus disease.
Front Immunol
December 2024
Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Chronic active Epstein-Barr Virus disease is a kind of Epstein-Barr Virus associated T/NK cell lymphoproliferative disease. At present, there is still a lack of standard therapeutic regimen for its treatment, but its basic treatment principles include controlling inflammatory response, anti-tumor proliferation, and immune reconstitution. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently the only method that can cure this disease.
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