Macromolecular proton fraction mapping based on spin-lock magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: In MRI, the macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) is a key parameter of magnetization transfer (MT). It represents the relative amount of immobile protons associated with semi-solid macromolecules involved in MT with free water protons. We aim to quantify MPF based on spin-lock MRI and explore its advantages over the existing MPF-mapping methods.

Methods: In the proposed method, termed MPF quantification based on spin-lock (MPF-SL), off-resonance spin-lock is used to sensitively measure the MT effect. MPF-SL is designed to measure a relaxation rate (R ) that is specific to the MT effect by removing the R relaxation due to the mobile water and chemical exchange pools. A theory is derived to quantify MPF from the measured R . No prior knowledge of tissue relaxation parameters, including T or T , is needed to quantify MPF using MPF-SL. The proposed approach is validated with Bloch-McConnell simulations, phantom, and in vivo liver studies at 3.0T.

Results: Both Bloch-McConnell simulations and phantom experiments show that MPF-SL is insensitive to variations of the mobile water pool and the chemical exchange pool. MPF-SL is specific to the MT effect and can measure MPF reliably. In vivo liver studies show that MPF-SL can be used to detect collagen deposition in patients with liver fibrosis.

Conclusion: A novel MPF imaging method based on spin-lock MRI is proposed. The confounding factors are removed, and the measurement is specific to the MT effect. It holds promise for MPF-sensitive diagnostic imaging in clinical settings.