Disparities in illicit drug use and disability status among a nationally representative sample of U.S. college students.

Background: The number of students with disabilities attending postsecondary institutions is increasing. However, research on substance use among this population is limited.

Objective: This study examined disparities in the prevalence of illicit drug use and drug use disorders among college students with disabilities and their counterparts without disabilities.

Methods: Data from the 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health were analyzed. We estimated prevalence and odds of disability, illicit drug use, and illicit drug dependence or abuse in a subsample of college students (n = 6,189).

Results: A majority of college students reporting a disability had a cognitive limitation. Students with any disability had a higher prevalence of illicit drug use and significantly higher odds of ever use of illicit drugs (AOR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.20-1.79). Compared to their peers with no disabilities, they were more likely to have misused any psychotherapeutic in the past year (AOR = 1.38; 95% CI 1.08-1.76), and had nearly twice the odds of misusing prescription pain relievers in the past month (AOR = 1.97; 95% CI 1.11-3.49). Additionally, students with disabilities had three times the odds of meeting criteria for past-year dependence or abuse of any illicit drug (AOR = 3.01; 95% CI 2.06-4.40).

Conclusion: This study documented a higher prevalence of drug use and drug use disorders among college students with disabilities compared to their nondisabled peers. Understanding the risk factors for substance use in this population is critical for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.