In inherited retinal diseases such retinitis pigmentosa, characterized by progressive loss of light sensitive neurons (photoreceptors), cell therapy is now considered as an attractive strategy. Photoreceptor cell replacement would be valuable for restoring function to retinas in a way that is independent from the cause of the disease. With advances in stem cell biology, considerable strides have been made towards the generation of retinal cells, in particular with the development of 3D culture systems allowing the generation of retinal organoids from pluripotent stem cells. In this review, we present a state-of-the art of preclinical strategies conducted in animal models for photoreceptor replacement from stem cell-derived photoreceptors and we discuss the important obstacles to overcome in the future.
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