Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting about 2-3% of population above the age of 65. In recent years, Parkinson's research has mainly focused on motor and non-motor symptoms while there are limited studies on neurodegeneration which is associated with balance problems and increased incidence of falls. Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) is a real-time, non-invasive, in vivo ophthalmic imaging technique for quantifying nerve damage in peripheral neuropathies and central neurodegenerative disorders. CCM has shown significantly lower corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD) in patients with PD compared to healthy controls. Reduced CNFD is associated with decreased intraepidermal nerve fiber density in PD. This review provides an overview of the ability of CCM to detect nerve damage associated with PD.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40035-020-00204-3 | DOI Listing |
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Pain Research Institute, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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Department of Ophthalmology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States.
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Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
This review analyzes the primary etiological factors of diffuse lamellar keratitis following various laser corneal refractive surgery techniques. The use of advanced diagnostic methods such as optical coherence tomography, confocal microscopy, and immunohistochemical methods has allowed for the identification of the main pathogenetic mechanisms underlying this condition, which will help improve the prevention, as well as assist with the development of optimal treatment strategies for this complication.
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December 2024
Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia.
This lecture-format review presents a summary of methods for assessing the condition of corneal nerve fibers (CNF), their clinical significance, and an overview of their anatomy and physiology. It briefly analyzes the structural and functional characteristics of CNF in various ocular diseases, following eye surgeries, and in patients with systemic diseases accompanied by systemic polyneuropathy. The article describes in detail the management algorithm that involves a comprehensive analysis of CNF and Langerhans inflammatory cells, identifies the at-risk groups for developing structural nerve impairments, and outlines the main criteria for CNF assessment.
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Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
About 50% of women with fibromyalgia syndrome have reduced skin innervation. This finding is consistent in patient cohorts from different regions of the world. Small fiber function may also be affected, as shown by various studies using different methods, such as quantitative sensory testing or special small fiber neurophysiology such as C-fiber microneurography.
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